Partnering with Johor Special Water (JSW), AirTrunk is building a recycled water supply system for its JHB1 and JHB2 data centre campuses in Johor. The project involves re-purposing unused wastewater and is the largest of its kind in Malaysia to date. It aims to reduce reliance on potable water by providing an alternative source for operational needs.

The initiative includes investments in treatment and supply infrastructure for locally-produced recycled water. Once operational, the system will support cooling and other non-potable uses at AirTrunk’s facilities, helping to contribute to more sustainable water management in the region. The company responds to calls by both the federal and state governments to look into alternative water sources in the face of growing demand.

The recycled water initiative complements broader environmental features at AirTrunk’s Johor facilities, including the liquid cooling system installed at JHB1 in 2024. The design supports energy-efficient operations and is in line with efforts to optimise the use of natural resources.

AirTrunk’s second Johor data centre, JHB2, is currently under development in Iskandar Puteri. The facility will be scalable to over 270MW, increasing the company’s total investment in Malaysia to RM9.7 billion (approximately US$2.2 billion). JHB2 is located in a major availability zone and will be built with a target power usage effectiveness (PUE) of 1.25. Customers will also have access to multiple renewable energy options.

The company’s existing JHB1 also includes onsite solar installations and a virtual power purchase agreement (vPPA) for 30MW of renewable energy under Malaysia’s Corporate Green Power Programme.

To support future energy needs at JHB2, AirTrunk is working with national utility Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) through the Green Lane Pathway for Data Centres initiative. The collaboration is expected to fast-track high-voltage electricity supply and includes a plan for AirTrunk to allocate land for TNB to build a new substation.

Chief Minister of Johor YAB Dato’ Onn Hafiz Ghazi welcomed the partnership with JSW, noting both its environmental and economic contributions. “The initiative addresses environmental concerns and also brings significant economic benefits to the state. It is a testament to the positive impact that public-private partnerships can have on our community,” he said.

JSW is a wholly owned entity under Permodalan Darul Ta’zim (PDT). A spokesperson said, “Collaborating with AirTrunk on this recycled water initiative is a significant milestone for JSW. It reflects our shared vision for sustainable water solutions and demonstrates how innovative thinking can lead to tangible benefits for both industry and the community. At the same time, we highly appreciate IWK’s role in providing treated effluent sources, which has been instrumental in completing this collaboration.”

AirTrunk currently operates 12 data centres in the Asia Pacific region, in Australia, Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. Its hyperscale platform now offers nearly 1.8GW of total capacity. In 2023, Blackstone and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board acquired the company in what became the largest-ever deal to date in the sector, valued at US$16.1 billion.

(Image source: “Data Center” by Bob Mical is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.)

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Sales of Chinese electric vehicles are on track to achieve a milestone in 2025, with EVs expected to outsell traditional combustion engine cars in the country for the first time. The watershed puts the world’s most significant automotive market years ahead of Western counterparts in the transition to clean energy vehicles.

According to the latest estimates shared with the Financial Times by investment banks and research groups including UBS and HSBC, domestic EV sales in China are projected to grow approximately 20% year-on-year, to exceed 12 million vehicles in 2025. The remarkable growth includes pure battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, and demonstrates China’s shift toward sustainable transport.

The contrast with traditional vehicle sales is striking. Sales of internal combustion engine vehicles are forecast to decline by more than 10% to under 11 million units in 2025 in China, reflecting a dramatic 30% drop from the 14.8 million units sold in 2022. The crossover to electric dominance represents a significant change to automotive preferences in the world’s most populous nation.

Market leader BYD exemplifies this shifting landscape. In 2024, it delivered nearly 4.3 million electric vehicles to become China’s largest automaker, surpassing previous market-leader SAIC. BYD’s success is built on a strategy of offering electric and hybrid vehicles at competitive prices, supported by aggressive expansion of its model lineup.

Central government policies have played a important role in accelerating EV adoption in China. Trade-in programmes offer subsidies exceeding $2,800 for consumers replacing conventional vehicles with electric or hybrid models, which has influenced many purchase decisions. And, major cities like Beijing have implemented policies that make obtaining licence plates for new energy vehicles easier than for traditional cars.

Chinese manufacturers have achieved significant cost efficiencies through scale and technological advancement, making EVs increasingly accessible to mass-market consumers. The automotive environment has fostered new players, including technology companies like Xiaomi, which delivered over 130,000 units of its first EV model in 2024.

The rapid growth in China’s EV market starkly contrasts developments in Western markets. While China pushes ahead with aggressive adoption targets, EV sales growth has slowed in Europe and the US, hampered by high interest rates, inflation concerns, and inconsistent government support. 

This divergence highlights the effectiveness of China’s coordinated approach to EV adoption, combining policy support with market-driven competition. On the other hand, the impact on traditional foreign automakers has been substantial. China’s market share of foreign-branded cars fell to 37% in 2024, down from 64% in 2020. 

This decline has prompted significant write-downs by major international manufacturers, with General Motors recording a $5 billion reduction in its China business value and Volkswagen facing potential write-downs of up to €20 billion through its Porsche holding company.

Looking ahead, China appears set to achieve its official target of EVs, accounting for 50% of car sales a decade ahead of the original 2035 schedule. This accelerated transition is supported by a maturing ecosystem of manufacturers, suppliers, and charging infrastructure providers. The China Passenger Car Association reports that new energy vehicles, including battery electrics and plug-in hybrids, achieved a market penetration rate of 52.3% by November 2024, compared to 36% in July 2023.

Robert Liew, director of Asia-Pacific renewables research at Wood Mackenzie, attributes China’s success to its domestic technology development and supply chain management achievements. The country has established robust supply chains for critical EV components and batteries while achieving manufacturing efficiencies that enable competitive pricing.

As China’s EV market continues to evolve, the increasing dominance of electric vehicles could establish new paradigms for global automotive industry development. The country’s experience demonstrates how coordinated policy support, market competition, and technological innovation can accelerate the transition to sustainable transportation, potentially offering valuable lessons for other markets pursuing similar transformations.

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Published by Portulans Institute and Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford, the NRI confirms that the US is a world leader in its access to, and use of information and communications technology (ICT).

There has been some movement in the top ten, however, with the United Kingdom moving up to eighth place from tenth, whilst Sweden moved up one spot to fourth, and South Korea up two places to fifth. Topping the leader board are the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, and Denmark.

Network Readiness Index is an international ranking system, measuring how effectively ICT is used, as well as its influence on global economies. 

Bruno Lanvin, co-editor of NRI, stresses the importance of having reliable frameworks like the NRI in the current unpredictable digital environment. “Data is not the new oil. It is the new air. In all parts of the world, both the private and public sector strive to be ready for a global digital economy that is neither fully charted nor consistently governed yet.”

“In such a fluid context, tools like the Network Readiness Index, which provide definitive metrics, will be a necessary condition to make the right decisions.”

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a Knowledge Partner for the NRI, providing research into how cloud technology can have a key impact on economies and innovation worldwide. Jeffrey B. Kratz, Vice President, Worldwide Public Sector Industry Sales at AWS, emphasised how collaboration between sectors is crucial for shaping the future of digital economies.

“At AWS, we’ve witnessed first-hand the transformative power of partnerships between the public and private sector, and building a digital tomorrow requires not just technological advancements, but also a shared vision and commitment to global collaboration.”

In the latest NRI report, a version called ‘Building a Digital Tomorrow: Public-Private Investments and Global Collaboration for Digital Readiness,’ covers 133 economies which are evaluated and ranked based on their preparedness and performance in using ICT. 

The latest assessment is categorised by four pillars:

1. Technology
2. People
3. Governance
4. Impact

Each of these is further divided into three smaller categories (sub-pillars), which are evaluated using 54 variables or factors. 

The primary goal of the NRI is to reveal possible disparities between different regions in terms of development levels and economies. The NRI 2024 shows the United States’ dominance across innovation metrics and technology adoption. It leads the way in digital business transformation and areas such as scientific AI publications. 

Co-founder and President of Portulans Institute, Co-editor of the NRI, and Dean of Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, Professor Soumitra Dutta, emphasised the importance of the NRI, saying, “As digital transformation accelerates, the NRI 2024 highlights the essential role of public-private partnerships in building the foundations for digital readiness. By working together, governments, businesses, and civil society can create robust frameworks of governance, stability, and trust that enable technology to reach its full potential in enhancing social and economic well-being.”

Professor Dutta said the findings of the report highlight how closely connected policymaking, innovation, and their effects on society are, and how they are “helping to chart a path towards a resilient digital ecosystem.”

The US is the only country from the Americas in the top ten, whereas Singapore and Korea are the sole Asian representatives. Europe, meanwhile, dominates in global network readiness, occupying the remaining top ten spots. 

Seventeen countries, mostly Western and Scandinavian, represent Europe in the report, underscoring how advanced economies are excelling in network readiness. Asia’s representatives are Singapore, China, South Korea, and Japan, while North America includes Canada and the US. Oceania is represented by Australia and New Zealand.

Countries such as China (17th), Vietnam (45th), Ukraine (43rd), and Kenya (73rd), regarded as middle to low-income economies, have outperformed predictions in digital readiness. Specifically, their achievements in digital preparedness are substantially higher than earlier expectations based on their GDP per capita. Each country has exceeded the standard trend by at least 10%, indicating remarkable progress in the use of technology despite economic limitations.

The report reveals that the lower middle-income group has the highest number of countries that have performed exceptionally well in digital readiness, exhibiting leading roles in the progressing digital landscape. 

The NRI 2024 report classifies economies into four income groups: 52 high-income countries, 36 upper-middle-income countries, 32 lower-middle-income countries, and 13 low-income economies.

Unsurprisingly, the top performers are primarily high-income nations, exhibiting powerful network readiness in all areas. Aside from exceptions, such as the US, Singapore, and the Republic of Korea, the top performers are generally nations within Western Europe or Scandinavia.

There are new entries on the NRI 2024 rankings, including the Seychelles. Sierra Leone, Trinidad and Tobago, and Yemen. Those that have dropped off the list are Gambia, Eswatini, Lebanon, Guinea, and Tajikistan.

Since 2002, the NRI has had a forward-thinking focus on both emerging technologies and their potential to contribute to global goals, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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Agriculture is both a driver of and vulnerable to climate change, and digital technology is stepping in as a possible game-changer. In Southeast Asia—places like Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and the Philippines—farming is a major source of income and jobs. For these countries, dealing with climate change while keeping food production sustainable is essential.

With nearly 100 million smallholder farmers in the region, it’s clear why this shift toward sustainable agriculture is so important.

Globally, digital agricultural technology (D4Ag) is on the rise, with around 1,400 solutions popping up to help tackle challenges in agriculture. Southeast Asia currently holds just a small share of this, but it’s growing: instances of digital agritech solutions went from 59 in 2018 to 92 by 2022. Yet, only about six per cent of the region’s farmers use digital tools, according to Beanstalk AgTech. That’s similar to sub-Saharan Africa and only a third of Latin America’s rate. No solution here has hit the one-million-user mark yet, suggesting there’s still huge potential waiting to be tapped.

Shifting toward digital market links

The focus of D4Ag solutions is also changing. Many tools now aim to link farmers directly with markets, moving away from simply offering advice, an offering which has been hard for startups to monetise. The pandemic sped up this change, but there are still challenges—digital literacy gaps, infrastructure issues, and limited access to funding all slow down adoption of D4Ag across the region.

Another promising angle for D4Ag is its potential to reduce the gender gap in agriculture. While there isn’t a lot of data breaking down digital use by gender, existing research suggests that D4Ag can help boost women’s economic opportunities, providing better access to resources, financing, and skill-building. In Southeast Asia, women make up nearly half the farming workforce but only around 30 per cent of digital agritech users. Closing this 54 per cent gap could bring an estimated eight million more women into digital agriculture in the next ten years.

Tackling climate change head-on

With climate change becoming an urgent issue, digital agritech is now intersecting with climate tech, helping farmers adapt and minimise their environmental impact. The new tools promote sustainable practices, like using fewer resources (water, fertiliser, pesticides), fine-tuning production to cut waste, and reducing emissions. They’re also helping farmers respond more quickly to emerging climate threats.

Still, there are challenges ahead. Digital agricultural insurance, which could support farmers in climate adaptation, is only available to around three per cent of farmers in Asia outside China and India. High costs, technical hurdles, and a shortage of skilled professionals in data and environmental science make it tough to expand digital solutions for climate-smart agriculture.

Real potential for change

Even with these hurdles to surmount, digital agritech could make a big difference—potentially cutting up to 78 megatons of CO2 emissions each year over the next decade in Southeast Asia. But to get there, tech providers, governments, and farming communities will need to work together to break down current barriers.

As Southeast Asia stands between tradition and innovation, digital agriculture offers a path to reshape farming. If the region fully embraces D4Ag, it could see real progress toward gender equity, social inclusion, and climate resilience, laying the groundwork for a sustainable, thriving agricultural future.

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GITEX Global 2024, held at the Dubai World Trade Centre from October 14 to 18, highlighted the latest technology developments, particularly focusing on how Dubai is directing its AI-driven transformation. The UAE is actively implementing strategies to maximise the potential of AI in a variety of industries.

For several years now, artificial intelligence has been a key component of the UAE’s strategy. In 2017, the UAE appointed the world’s first Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence, announcing its intention to lead in this space. Today, AI is deeply integrated in sectors like healthcare, education, and transportation, with the country setting ambitious goals for the future.

The UAE’s Minister of Economy, Abdulla bin Touq Al Marri, has claimed that the country is spending extensively on AI education, with a focus on youth development. The government hopes to prepare the next generation with the skills needed to advance the UAE’s AI ambitions by increasing funding for STEM programmes and student-focused educational ‘bootcamps.’

According to Al Marri, the UAE is second only to the US in attracting top AI talent, with many experts now calling the UAE home. He also emphasised the recent introduction of an international AI policy that focuses on ethical, social, and environmental concerns. “Yes, we want to use AI, but we want to use it ethically,” he said, emphasising the goal to improve people’s lives while aligning AI’s application with societal values. He went on to say that the UAE wants to drive the global AI conversations by advocating for responsible use while fostering innovation.

Becoming a global hub for R&D

Research and development are also high on the UAE’s agenda. Al Marri emphasised the country’s desire to attract top international talent and create innovation centres. “We want the world to look at the UAE as an R&D hub, not just for our 10 million people, but for the 300 million across the region,” he said, highlighting the UAE’s role as a gateway for the region.
The UAE’s flexible regulatory approach might aid the country’s target of 7% annual growth, in line with its goal of doubling the size of the domestic economy.

The launch of a regulatory website, uaelab.ae, allows tech companies to collaborate with the government to test new regulations. “The idea is to bring policymakers and tech experts together to foster an environment where innovation thrives,” Al Marri noted. This regulatory agility, he said, sets the UAE apart, creating fertile ground for innovation, from AI to autonomous transport systems.

Data centres and energy: Powering the future

The UAE is quickly becoming a magnet for data centre investment, with major tech companies like Microsoft and Cisco with presence in the country. These projects are critical to handling the immense computational demands of AI and other advanced technologies.
“Our partnership with Microsoft isn’t new. We’ve been working together for years, and much of our progress in AI and data centres comes from this collaboration,” Al Marri said.

He also pointed out that energy availability is key to this growth. “We have a nuclear power plant fully operational and are adding more solar energy to the grid. Clean energy now accounts for about 30% of our energy mix, making the UAE an attractive destination for data centre investments,” he said.

Al Marri emphasised the economic ripple effect from data centres, claiming that every dollar invested could generate up to ten in economic value.

Cybersecurity takes centre stage

With cybercrime expected to cause damage of up to $10.5 trillion annually by 2025, cybersecurity was a major focus at GITEX Global 2024. Leading experts, including CISOs, CIOs, and GRC leaders, gathered with a unified mission: to establish the world’s foremost line of defence against cyber threats.

This year, the financial industry saw a 40% increase in AI-driven fraud. According to Dr. Mohamed Al Kuwaiti, the UAE’s Head of Cybersecurity, millions of cyber threats were intercepted in the country in 2024. Importantly, AI was seen as a game-changer in the world of cybersecurity. “Cyber awareness is crucial – and AI is changing the game,” he told the GITEX Tech Waves Podcast. “The UAE faced 71 million attacks in Q1 2024. Thanks to AI, we’ve been resilient, using early threat detection to counter these threats.”

Todd Conklin, Chief AI Officer at the United States Department of the Treasury, shared the same concerns. He emphasised AI’s involvement in the US Treasury’s payments ecosystem, where it has helped reduce fraud by roughly $600 million in just six months. “AI is increasingly critical in counter-fraud efforts,” Conklin said.

Huawei also presented details on its infrastructure and cloud security solutions. Dr. Aloysius Cheang, Huawei’s Chief Security Officer for the Middle East and Central Asia, claimed that the company faces 12 billion cyberattacks daily. He emphasised the importance of putting security first and building a strong cybersecurity culture across organisations.

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Skilledin Green is an online platform that connects sustainability-focused professionals with employers and training providers. Since its inception in 2021, the platform has used technology and gamification to assist users in creating “green” CVs, accessing specialised courses, exploring job opportunities, and creating tailored career goals.

Skilledin Green, which has offices in Singapore, the EU, and Indonesia, helps individuals prosper in the green economy by making sustainability careers more accessible.

The platform caters to a wide range of users, from newcomers in the sustainability field to seasoned professionals looking to advance their careers or transition into the green economy. Through partnerships with organisations in Indonesia and Europe, Skilledin Green is building a diverse community of people eager to contribute to sustainability. The platform takes a personalised approach, guiding users through the increasing variety of green job roles and helping them develop the skills needed in this rapidly expanding industry.

Supporting professionals at every stage

e27 spoke with Natasha Syed, Skilledin Green’s founder and CEO, who shared the company’s vision. Syed noted that many people new to sustainability often struggle to know where to begin in the field. While various educational resources are available to help close the green skills gap, the sheer number of options can be overwhelming.

To address this issue, Skilledin Green creates job-specific upskilling programmes, simplifies the learning process, and helps businesses find candidates with the right mix of skills for new and evolving green roles.

Although there are other sustainability job platforms, Skilledin Green is unique in that it evaluates candidates based on their green knowledge, soft skills, and other core competencies. This enables firms to find the right individuals for new jobs, which often require abilities that much of the workforce does not yet possess.

Skilledin Green’s platform has grown tremendously since its launch. Initially, the company focused on finding skill gaps in enterprises.

However, after the team realised the potential in the sustainability field, it shifted its focus. Skilledin Green has spent the last 18 months developing four integrated web apps that serve as the platform’s core. These include a learning management system (LMS) for training providers, an applicant tracking system (ATS) for employers, and a talent community platform that brings together mentors, experts, and job seekers.

The platform has recently reached a number of key milestones. Among these is a collaboration with Global Shapers Bali, with more information to be disclosed soon. SkilledIn Green also joined EduSpaze’s ninth cohort, which has offered the company valuable guidance.

According to Syed, EduSpaze has played a critical part in Skilledin Green’s growth by providing market immersion opportunities in Southeast Asia and prepared the company for its first institutional investment round. This accelerator programme has provided not just practical insights, but opportunities to develop into other areas throughout the region.

Syed credits her dedicated team with much of SkilledIn Green’s success. The team, which now consists of seven workers, is focused on product development, cloud services, and artificial intelligence. Despite being a small team, it has made significant progress in product design, ensuring that the platform responds swiftly to the needs of the green workforce.

Looking ahead, Skilledin Green is preparing for its first formal fundraising campaign. Until recently, the platform had been funded through bootstrapping and contributions from friends and family. However, the upcoming fundraising round will enable the company to expand its operations and enhance its product offerings. Skilledin Green’s key objectives are to secure a strong market fit and lay the foundation for profitability.

Future initiatives and expansion plans

SkilledIn Green is on the verge of a transformative year in 2024. One of its most anticipated initiatives is the launch of a long-term upskilling programme aimed at helping users develop the skills required for green careers. The company also plans to introduce an enhanced professional mentorship programme and a revitalised community platform to foster global learning and networking.

SkilledIn Green plans to extend its presence in Europe and will provide numerous opportunities for expansion. The company’s commitment to its vision and values will inspire new solutions and ideas for making sustainable occupations accessible to everybody. It’s clear that the system will evolve, and its growth is important.

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Apple recently showcased two new MacBook Air models featuring cutting-edge M3 processors, signaling a strong belief in the appeal of these enhanced models to consumers eager for the latest in AI-enhanced computing technology.

The M3 chip brings a significant performance leap to the MacBook Air, offering speeds up to 60 percent faster than its M1-equipped predecessor and an astonishing 13 times faster than the fastest Intel-based MacBook Air model. Apple has dubbed the M3-powered MacBook Air “the pinnacle of consumer laptops for AI,” thanks to its upgraded, more efficient Neural Engine.

These MacBook Air models are available with either 13-inch or 15-inch displays, both embodying a sleek, lightweight design. They boast up to 18 hours of battery life, a vibrant Liquid Retina display, and new features such as support for dual external displays and wi-fi speeds that double the pace of the previous generation.

In the United States, the pricing begins at US$1,099 for the 13-inch model and US$1,299 for the 15-inch version.

The performance of the M3 MacBook Air

Both models are now open for orders, with shipping expected to start within the week. Since 2020, Apple has shifted to using its proprietary chips, moving away from Intel. This transition towards AI-integrated personal computers is anticipated to contribute to a revival in the PC market by 2024, following a slump lasting over two years after the pandemic.

Apple reported a slight increase in Mac sales, totaling US$7.78 billion in the most recent quarter, following a significant downturn in the quarter before.

Delving deeper into the M3 chip’s specifics, it uses groundbreaking 3-nanometer technology, significantly enhancing the MacBook Air’s performance and capabilities. The chip has an 8-core CPU, up to a 10-core GPU, and can support up to 24GB of unified memory. This setup ensures the MacBook Air is not only up to 60 percent faster than the M1 model but also maintains up to 18 hours of battery life, significantly longer than its Intel-based counterparts, letting users experience the M3’s speed across various activities, from routine tasks to more demanding endeavors like photo and video editing or software development.

The M3 chip also introduces a new generation GPU that supports advanced gaming features like hardware-accelerated mesh shading and ray tracing, leading to highly realistic gaming experiences. It also enhances video quality with its latest media engine, that supports AV1 decode, ensuring efficient and high-quality streaming.

With the M3 chip, MacBook Air’s performance is elevated in several ways, including faster AI-enhanced image processing with Photomator’s Super Resolution, quicker Excel spreadsheet management, and superior performance and battery life compared to laptops with Intel Core i7 processors.

Choosing between M2 and M3

When considering whether to opt for the M2 or M3 MacBook Air, it’s clear that the M3 chip offers significant advancements. Benchmark tests reveal that the M3 outperforms the M2 in single-core tasks by around 17% and in multi-core tasks by roughly 21%. Its GPU performance also sees a 15% improvement over the M2. The M3 introduces a new GPU architecture, including Dynamic Caching, for optimized memory allocation, benefiting performance and energy efficiency. This is especially advantageous for graphics-intensive applications.

Despite the similarities between the 16-core Neural Engine of the M2 and M3, the M3’s 3nm fabrication process enhances the execution of machine learning and AI tasks more efficiently. It also maintains up to 24GB of unified memory, but utilizes the new process for improved memory bandwidth utilization.

The energy efficiency of the M3 chip is another highlight, offering higher performance without significantly increasing power consumption. This makes it especially attractive for laptop users who prioritize a balance between power and battery life.

While the M3 chip is undeniably an upgrade from the M2, with its higher transistor count and enhanced CPU and GPU performance, the necessity of an upgrade for current M2 users depends on their specific needs. For new purchasers or those upgrading from older models, the M3’s improvements will be distinctly beneficial.

A personal take on the M2 vs M3 decision

Discussing personal perspectives on choosing between the M2 and M3 chips, it’s evident that these laptops, particularly the 15-inch M3 MacBook Air priced at US$1,299, reflect the cost of technological advancements. The 13-inch M3 model starts at US$1,099, matching the M2’s launch price in 2022. However, two years post-launch, the M2 is now available for US$999.

Opting for the M3 model brings the fastest wi-fi support, crucial for heavy downloading tasks or gaming, thanks to the new wi-fi 6e standard. The M3’s superior performance, particularly for AI applications and demanding tasks like video editing or graphic design, makes it a worthy investment for those seeking the best available technology.

Conversely, for users whose primary activities include web surfing, streaming, and remote work, the M2 MacBook Air offers a reliable and more affordable option.

The M3 MacBook Air’s launch isn’t just exciting news for the tech world; it’s the dawn of a new chapter in personal computing. With significant leaps forward in speed, efficiency, and technological innovation, we’re not just looking at what meets the tech-savvy user’s needs today. Apple is laying the groundwork for the digital future we’re all heading towards.

So, when you’re considering which MacBook Air to go for, the M2 or the M3, remember that Apple has something for everyone. Each model offers a unique blend of style, performance, and features, ensuring that your choice isn’t just about picking a device—it’s about choosing your next companion on oyur digital journey. It’s more than a decision between specs; it’s about selecting the perfect partner for wherever your digital adventures might take you.

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India is experimenting with AI to develop climate models, enhancing weather predictions. This is a crucial step as the country faces increasing torrential rains, floods, and droughts, according to a senior weather official.

In recent years, global warming has intensified weather system conflicts, leading to rising numbers of extreme weather events in India. The independent Centre for Science and Environment reports that these events have caused nearly 3,000 fatalities in 2023 alone.

Globally, weather agencies are increasingly focusing on AI for its potential to reduce costs and enhance prediction efficiency. The Met Office in Britain has said that AI could ‘revolutionize’ weather forecasting, and a recent Google-funded model has demonstrated superior performance to traditional methods.

The critical role of accurate forecasts in India, and the use of AI

Accurate weather forecasts are vital for India, home to 1.4 billion people, many of whom live in poverty. Being the world’s second-largest producer of critical crops such as rice, wheat, and sugar, the stakes are particularly high.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) currently relies on mathematical models run on supercomputers for its forecasts. The integration of AI with an expanded observation network is expected to produce higher-quality forecasts at a reduced cost.

K.S. Hosalikar, the head of climate research and services at IMD, told Reuters that the department is developing AI-based climate models and advisories intending to enhance forecasting accuracy.

The IMD has already implemented AI to generate public alerts for heatwaves and malaria-related diseases. Hosalikar mentioned plans to expand weather observatories to the village level, enabling more detailed data collection for improved forecasting.

Recently, the Indian government expressed its intention to blend AI with traditional forecasting models and is establishing a center dedicated to exploring this approach through workshops and conferences.

Saurabh Rathore, an assistant professor at the Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, highlighted the cost-effectiveness of AI models. Unlike traditional methods, these models don’t require the expense of running supercomputers and can be operated from high-quality desktop computers.

However, experts emphasize the need for better data to fully leverage AI’s capabilities. Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay, a climate scientist at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, explained that spatially and temporally high-resolution data is essential for AI models to effectively enhance the location-specific accuracy of existing forecasts.

International perspectives: AI in global weather forecasting

Outside of India, China has also announced its utilization of AI to refine weather forecasting, particularly for weather disasters exacerbated by heatwaves, heavy rains, and typhoons. The Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, in collaboration with China’s National Meteorological Center and Shanghai Meteorological Service, employed its AI-driven Fengwu meteorological model to enhance typhoon predictions.

The accuracy of Fengwu in forecasting Typhoon Doksuri, China’s strongest typhoon of the summer, was notably superior to that of both the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Similarly, for Typhoon Khanun, Fengwu’s predictions outperformed those of ECMWF and NCEP.

Developed by various Chinese institutions and published in April, the Fengwu model uses multimodal and multitask deep learning technology. It delivers high-resolution atmospheric forecasts over ten days and operates efficiently on a single graphics processing unit. This model can generate ten-day global weather forecasts in just 30 seconds, significantly improving on traditional models that rely on supercomputers.

While AI weather prediction shows considerable promise, researchers acknowledge the need for further improvements. Their goal is to achieve district-level accuracy and eventually extend these predictions to the street level.

AI models like Fengwu and Pangu Weather, another model developed in China, are enhancing the efficiency of weather forecasting. Although predicting weather remains inherently challenging, these AI models are expected to complement traditional physical models. They provide valuable insights for various sectors and Earth science research, supporting initiatives in carbon neutrality, disaster prevention, and energy security.

Despite the success of traditional numerical weather prediction, its progress is hampered by the slow growth of computing power and the complexities of physical models. AI forecasting methods, which have lower computational costs, are seen as a solution to these challenges.

Pangu Weather, developed by Huawei Cloud and recognized in a publication by Nature, employs a 3D neural network and a hierarchical temporal aggregation strategy to process complex meteorological data. Its accuracy surpasses that of some European and American meteorological centers, and the model is accessible online to users worldwide.

The Fengwu and Pangu models have demonstrated their capabilities in recent typhoon predictions. China’s Central Meteorological Observatory plans to continue integrating AI into weather forecasting, particularly for typhoon monitoring. This will involve collaboration with various universities and research institutions to enhance global weather prediction and services.

Private sector engagement in AI weather services

Companies in other Asian countries, such as Thailand and Vietnam, increasingly use AI to protect clients from weather-related disasters. Following a flash flood in 2021 that caused significant damage, an electronics factory in Thailand’s Bangpoo industrial park enrolled in a pilot forecast service offered by Weathernews, a Japanese weather firm. Started early in 2023, this service provides real-time, hyperlocal forecasts, predicting weather changes within three hours, significantly improving the Thai Meteorological Department’s daily regional forecasts.

Weathernews’ AI system collects and analyzes data to provide these precise forecasts, alerting clients to potential squalls and floods. This lets businesses take preventative measures such as erecting barriers or relocating equipment. Additionally, the company is collaborating with local authorities to install radar systems in Thailand, intending to match the forecast accuracy achieved in Japan.

Weathernews fully launched its AI-based forecasting service in Thailand in March, and in Vietnam in June, becoming the first in Asia to set up its own equipment and offer such a service. Primarily serving logistics providers, the company aims to expand its client base to 500, including electronics and auto manufacturers, to increase its annual revenue in Thailand and Vietnam to 3 billion yen (approximately US$22.6 million).

Chihito Kusabiraki, the company’s president, aims to boost overseas revenue to 70% to 80%, up from the current 40%. This expansion is crucial as Asian countries, characterized by dense populations and slow advances in disaster management, are particularly susceptible to natural disasters. According to the Asian Development Bank, developing Asia accounted for 76% of disaster victims and 25% of the global monetary damage from natural disasters between 2010 and 2020, highlighting the critical need for advanced forecasting services in these regions.

In 2021, weather and water-related hazards resulted in damages amounting to US$35.6 billion in Asia. Notably, the Philippines was ranked as the most disaster-prone country in the WorldRiskIndex, underscoring the region’s vulnerability to such events.

Startups are tapping into weather-related opportunities across Asia as well. California-based Atmo is developing an early warning system for flash floods and cyclones in Indonesia and is currently in discussions with neighboring countries. Meanwhile, Tokyo-based Spectee is utilizing social media data for disaster mapping in the Philippines and is planning to establish a local unit to extend the services already provided to 700 clients in Japan.

Since 2018, China’s Ninecosmos has advised companies, including China’s COSCO Shipping, on optimal shipping routes based on weather conditions. Additionally, it has developed an air pollution forecasting service, further expanding its range of meteorological solutions.

However, the success of these weather-related services in Asia hinges on developing affordable, locally tailored solutions. Products designed for advanced economies may prove too costly for emerging Asian markets, emphasizing the need for region-specific adaptations.

The post AI transforms meteorology in India for better weather forecasts appeared first on TechWire Asia.

Broadcom, a renowned technology conglomerate, has recently made significant strides in artificial intelligence by incorporating AI capabilities into a new version of its flagship networking chips. This innovative move, aimed at enhancing the efficiency of data movement within data centers, marks a significant leap forward in networking technology.

The data movement challenge in AI clusters

One of the most formidable challenges in constructing massive AI clusters is the efficient data movement within these systems. Known in the tech world as the “data movement problem,” this challenge is complex and multifaceted. It encompasses several critical aspects: bandwidth limitations, latency issues, increased energy consumption, the complexity of parallel processing, and potential I/O bottlenecks. These factors pose significant hurdles in the smooth functioning of AI clusters.

In AI clusters, processing and moving vast data volumes is critical for system performance. Bandwidth limitations often lead to bottlenecks, hindering processing speed. Latency, defined as the time it takes for data to travel within the system, gains importance in large AI clusters. This latency can substantially impact, especially in systems where quick data processing is essential.

Energy consumption for moving data presents a significant concern in large-scale operations, as the substantial data transfer volume affects operational costs and environmental footprint. Managing data in AI clusters, which often operate in parallel computing environments, adds to this complexity. Coordinating data access and movement across multiple processors demands intricate planning and precise execution.

I/O bottlenecks are another issue, occurring when data transfer rates between storage devices and processors mismatch. These bottlenecks lead to inefficiencies, with processors waiting for data and consequently reducing the overall efficiency in the AI cluster.

The Trident 5-X12 AI chip

To address these challenges, Broadcom’s Trident 5-X12 chip, which incorporates AI to enhance data movement, represents a significant advancement. This chip is part of the ongoing efforts to improve the performance and cost-effectiveness of AI clusters, tackling the data movement problem head-on.

Robin Grindley, an executive in Broadcom’s Core Switching Group, told Reuters that the chip can alleviate network traffic congestion, a key benefit in today’s data-intensive world. Grindley explained that certain computing tasks, particularly those involving AI, require additional capabilities that software cannot meet due to speed constraints. The chip’s integration of AI provides a solution to this limitation.

Grindley further elaborated on the role of the neural network within the chip. “That’s what the neural network does – it looks across all packets, all traffic patterns, so it’s trying to identify these things that the standard approach just wouldn’t be able to catch,” he said. This statement underscores the advanced capabilities of neural networks in pattern recognition and data analysis, particularly in complex environments like data centers.

Neural networks, mirroring the structure of the human brain, excel in pattern recognition within machine learning. These networks process data using layers of interconnected ‘neurons,’ each layer responsible for recognizing specific patterns and relaying this information. Such a structure equips them to efficiently process and interpret complex, high-dimensional data.

In data centers and networking, neural networks analyze extensive network traffic, including diverse data packets and traffic patterns. Unlike standard algorithms that rely on predefined patterns, neural networks continuously learn from the data, allowing them to detect subtle patterns linked to network congestion, security threats, and other anomalies often missed by traditional methods.

This capability is crucial in the Trident 5-X12 chip, where the neural network actively analyzes traffic, adapts to new patterns, and provides actionable insights. Its adaptability and analytical depth make it invaluable in complex digital environments, enhancing data center efficiency and security against emerging threats and inefficiencies.

Revolutionizing packet processing in AI clusters

The Trident 5-X12 chip from Broadcom stands out for its neural network capabilities and its innovative feature, NetGNT. This on-chip neural-network inference engine enhances the standard packet-processing approach by operating in parallel and being trainable to recognize various traffic patterns across the chip. For example, NetGNT can proactively identify and manage “incast” traffic patterns typical in AI/ML workloads, often leading to network congestion. Operating at a full line rate, NetGNT manages these tasks without compromising the chip’s throughput or latency.

Regarding performance and flexibility, the Trident 5-X12 is a technological powerhouse. It’s software-programmable and field-upgradable and offers a remarkable bandwidth of 16.0 terabits/second, double that of its predecessor. With support for 800G ports, it seamlessly integrates with Broadcom’s Tomahawk 5, making it an optimal choice for modern compute and AI/ML data centers. The chip’s design is tailored for efficiency, supporting a diverse range of ports in a compact data center footprint.

The AI features of the Trident 5-X12 become operational post-deployment through a custom AI model tailored to a data center’s specific traffic patterns. Data center operators can train the chip to recognize and address particular challenges, like denial of service attacks or congestion, enhancing traffic routing efficiency.

Broadcom’s integration of AI features into the Trident series was a calculated decision by its engineers about two years ago following advancements in chip programmability. The latest Trident 5-X12, crafted with cutting-edge 5-nanometer technology, marks a significant step forward in networking technology. Currently available to select customers, this chip ushers in a new era where AI is pivotal in networking.

With escalating data center demands, particularly for AI and machine learning workloads, the innovative features of the Trident 5-X12 are essential in meeting these evolving requirements while ensuring high performance and security.

The post Can Broadcom’s latest silicon AI chip revolutionize network efficiency? appeared first on TechWire Asia.

As data centers worldwide grapple with escalating energy demands and environmental concerns, trailblazing solutions are more crucial than ever. Enter fuel cell technology—a clean, efficient, and scalable energy source capturing industry leaders’ attention.

Setting the stage for a revolution in data center power management, GDS and SK ecoplant have embarked on a landmark partnership. What follows is an in-depth look at this visionary collaboration, and why it could be a game-changer for sustainable energy use in data centers worldwide.

GDS, a frontrunner in developing and operating top-notch data centers, has joined forces with SK ecoplant, an affiliate of the South Korean SK Group specializing in energy and the environment. Together, they have declared an experimental partnership to use fuel cell technology to power GDS’ future data center in Singapore. This collaboration underscores their mutual commitment to sustainable growth and adopting renewable energy sources in the Southeast Asian region.

Earlier, GDS and SK ecoplant had already agreed to collectively advance eco-friendly fuel cell technologies in Southeast Asian data centers. When pitted against traditional energy sources, fuel cells exhibit remarkable green credentials by converting hydrogen or other renewable fuels into electricity. This results in a highly clean energy generation process that significantly minimizes or eliminates emissions.

Building on its recent success in acquiring new data center capabilities, GDS has set the stage for groundbreaking hydrogen pilot projects in Singapore, alongside leading industry partners. Partnering with SK ecoplant, the first project investigates solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology using green hydrogen as a primary energy source. The second project looks at using locally generated power derived from imported hydrogen. These pilot projects are anticipated to serve as crucial case studies, influencing the adoption and development of hydrogen-based solutions.

Why fuel cell technology is important for powering data centers

The adoption of fuel cells for data center energy needs marks a watershed moment in our approach to sustainable power solutions. Data centers demand a relentless electricity supply to maintain uptime and performance levels. Conventional energy supplies, mostly based on fossil fuels, are limited and detrimental to the environment. Here’s why fuel cells are increasingly seen as the next big thing in data center energy solutions:

• Environmental impact: Fuel cells are a greener alternative to traditional electricity generation, emitting far fewer pollutants.
• Energy efficiency: Known for their efficiency, fuel cells transform a more significant fraction of their fuel into usable electricity, cutting down on energy wastage—a crucial factor for the 24/7 operations of data centers.
• Reliability and scalability: The energy demands of data centers are ever-increasing, and fuel cells can be scaled to meet these growing needs. Modular systems make it easier to adapt and expand energy solutions as required.
• Strategic alignment: Implementing fuel cells aligns with broader environmental objectives at both the organizational and national levels. This initiative dovetails perfectly with Singapore’s National Hydrogen Strategy, targeting low-carbon hydrogen for up to half its future electricity needs.

From plan to action: The experimental phase with fuel cell technology

In this experimental phase, GDS will use state-of-the-art technology, capitalizing on its extensive industry expertise to create a top-tier data center in Singapore. SK ecoplant will work closely with its strategic ally, Bloom Energy, to produce low-carbon electricity through solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology. Starting with a limited-scale fuel cell installation using natural gas, the plan is to transition to hydrogen as infrastructure and regulations mature eventually.

William Huang, GDS’s CEO, expressed enthusiasm about the collaboration, saying it amplifies their data centers’ eco-friendly attributes and paves the way for broader green energy adoption. “With SK ecoplant’s invaluable support, we are steadfastly working toward pioneering SOFC-powered data centers, targeting to establish Southeast Asia’s first fuel cell-powered facility,” he added.

Kyung-il Park, SK ecoplant’s CEO, believes the joint venture will unlock vast growth potential in Southeast Asia’s renewable energy sector. “We’ll accelerate our focus on commercial fuel cell markets, leveraging our experience in a range of applications—from small-scale to expansive systems like data centers and hospitals,” he said. “Our aim is to dominate the global fuel cell market through ongoing partnerships, including with Bloom Energy.”

Aligning corporate goals with global sustainability

Being an industry leader, GDS is unwavering in its commitment to carbon neutrality by 2030. This partnership with SK ecoplant is a significant stride toward this goal and aligns well with Singapore’s National Hydrogen Strategy, aiming to satisfy up to half of Singapore’s future electricity needs through low-carbon hydrogen.

GDS is pioneering a path toward more responsible energy use in an industry often criticized for its energy consumption and carbon footprint. By actively trialing the real-world application of hydrogen fuel cells through the use of SOFC technology, this alliance showcases a corporate responsibility to reduce environmental impact and a broader commitment to align with national and international sustainability initiatives.

The ripple effects of this collaboration are likely to be felt far beyond the shores of Singapore. As data centers continue to proliferate worldwide, the pressing need for sustainable, efficient, and scalable power solutions becomes ever more critical. The partnership between GDS and SK ecoplant may serve as a model for how industry leaders can collaborate to address these challenges while supporting broader environmental sustainability and carbon neutrality goals.

The post Watt’s next? Fuel cell technology and the GDSxSK ecoplant vision for data centers appeared first on TechWire Asia.